Alternative Treatments: The Benefits--and the Risks

ACUPUNCTURE

DEFINITION: Ancient Chinese technique using fine needles that pierce the skin, supposedly tapping into the invisible grid of flowing energy called qi that controls organs.

BENEFITS CLAIMED: For pain relief, controlling addictions, asthma, allergies, depression, anxiety, high blood pressure and digestive disorders.

EVIDENCE: A 1997 federally organized scientific panel says only that it can ease post-operative pain and nausea from anesthesia, cancer chemotherapy and pregnancy. Other uses uncertain or unproven. May work by triggering release of body's own painkilling chemicals.

MEDICAL RISKS: Since 1965, just 10 documented incidents of internal organs damaged by needle sticks. But beware poorly sterilized needles (disposable are best) and ill-trained practitioners.

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AROMATHERAPY

DEFINITION: Essential plant oils and essences used to treat physical and psychological problems.

BENEFITS CLAIMED: Said effective against stress, asthma, colds, premenstrual syndrome, difficult labor, immune deficiencies and cystitis, among other things.

EVIDENCE: Virtually no controlled clinical studies back up the many medical claims, though smells are known to trigger sensations and arouse emotions.

MEDICAL RISKS: Few harmful effects imaginable. No professional licensing and school accreditation in U.S. for aromatherapists.

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AYURVEDA

DEFINITION: 3,000-year-old Indian medical practice holds that illness signifies lack of physical, emotional and spiritual harmony. Uses diet, exercise, yoga, meditation, herbs and massage.

BENEFITS CLAIMED: Digestive disorders, heart disease, arthritis, allergies, wound healing, anxiety and viral hepatitis are listed as benefits.

EVIDENCE: Exercise and relaxation not controversial, and some ayurvedic herbs may be effective, but beware nontoxic treatments for cancer and other serious diseases.

MEDICAL RISKS: Some medications contain toxic metals such as lead and mercury. Harsh traditional practices such as blood-letting, bowel purging and induced vomiting may make matters worse.

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CHELATON

DEFINITION: A standard drug treatment for heavy-metal poisoning, it is highly controversial when promoted as cardiovascular disease treatment.

BENEFITS CLAIMED: Said to supplant bypass surgery or balloon angioplasty, supposedly by leeching artery-clogging compounds out of coronary arteries.