WASHINGTON — Congress and the White House are both pursuing innovative solutions to two of the biggest impediments for first-time home purchasers: lack of cash for down payments and closing costs, and subpar credit scores that virtually guarantee unaffordably high interest rates and mortgage fees.
Here's an update on two ideas under consideration: On Capitol Hill, Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.) is drafting legislation to convert federal income tax credits into cash for down payments and closing fees -- spendable by either first-time home buyers or their mortgage lenders.
Stabenow's bill, scheduled for introduction in mid-March, would work like this: To qualify, first-time buyers would need to have moderate household incomes -- no higher than the 27% federal income tax bracket. Married purchasers could qualify for up to $6,000 in federal tax credits, single buyers for up to $3,000.
What exactly is a tax credit? Think of it as a net dollar-for-dollar subtraction off the bottom line of your federal tax return. If you owed $8,000 in federal taxes for a given year and you were handed a $6,000 tax credit, that would cut your net taxes to just $2,000. If you had already paid the $8,000 in withholding over the course of the year, you'd get a refund check for $6,000 from the Treasury.
Tax credits are far more valuable than tax deductions. When you deduct $1,000 in mortgage interest, your net tax reduction varies with your tax bracket. In the 27% bracket, a $1,000 deduction is only worth $270 at the bottom line. But a $1,000 tax credit saves you a full $1,000.
Stabenow's bill would seek to turn tax credits, for the first time, into immediately spendable down payment and closing-cost cash. To do so, it would give qualified first-time buyers the option of either handing over their credits to their lenders or using them later to reduce their own personal income taxes.
For example, if a husband and wife qualified for the $6,000 maximum, they could transfer their credit to the lender at settlement as part of their down payment or closing expenses -- just as if it were cash. The lender could then use it to offset its own corporate tax liabilities.
Alternatively, if the couple had saved or borrowed enough for the down payment and closing, they could keep the credit and use it to reduce their federal income tax during their first year of homeownership.
