New K-12 elective: class online

"Mom was having trouble running the farm by herself," Hathaway, who is taking algebra and world history online, said in a phone interview. "You can schedule everything on your own time. You don't have to sit for six hours a day -- you can do some work, go eat, play a little on the computer and come back later and do it."

Hathaway, who hopes to be a novelist, is among 1 million kindergarten through high school student enrollments in virtual schooling across the nation, according to the North American Council for Online Learning, a nonprofit organization for administrators, teachers and others involved in online schooling.

Enrollment, counted as the total number of seats in all online classes, not the number of students, has grown more than 20 times in seven years, and the group expects the numbers to continue to jump 30% annually.

To deal with the growth, the University of California is launching an extensive effort to make sure applicants' online high school courses are on par with traditional classroom instruction.

Nearly half the states offer public school classes online, and last year Michigan became the first in the nation to require students to take an online course to graduate from high school. In California, a state senator introduced a bill last week to allow public high school students to take online classes without depriving schools of the state funding they receive for attendance.

Online learning "is going to reinvent high school in the United States," said Ken Ellwein, executive director of Lutheran High School of Orange County, which created its online school last year.

"To keep technology away from kids while they're going to school, when they have it in every other part of their lives -- it just doesn't make sense."

But other educators urged caution, noting that teacher-student interaction is irreplaceable.

"In the classroom, I can see from a child's eyes or body language, 'Boy, I better slow down and go back over this,' " said Gerry Wheeler, a former physics teacher who is executive director of the National Science Teachers Assn. in Arlington, Va.