The "Dutch angle" (or the "Batman angle," as it is often known in the U.S., for obvious reasons) was first used extensively in German Expressionist cinema -- "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" being a textbook example of the use of extremely odd angles. The nickname, "Dutch," really comes from the word for German, "Deutch," as opposed to the technique having anything to do with Holland. The idea of the off-level shot has long been used as a visual signal to an audience that all is not well, to portray a sense of unease and foreboding.
When seeking a visual reference for "Doubt," writer-director John Patrick Shanley told me that he was drawn to the work of Carol Reed, though not to his most famous film, "The Third Man," which uses the Dutch angle to perfection. John Patrick was drawn to a lesser-known film of his, "The Fallen Idol" (also known as "The Lost Illusion"), the plot of which centers around a boy who thinks he is a witness to murder and the web of secrets and half truths that surround this suspicion.
