PENSACOLA, FLA. — Oil companies once viewed drilling in the deep waters off Florida as cost-prohibitive. Politicians feared that even the slightest sign of support would be career suicide.
No more. Record crude oil prices are fueling support for oil and natural gas exploration off the nation's shores. In Florida, there was movement even before President Bush's recent call for Congress to lift a federal moratorium that has barred new offshore drilling since 1981.
The early activity here stems from a 2006 congressional compromise that allows drilling on 8.3 million acres more than 125 miles off the Panhandle -- an area that had been covered by the moratorium, which was enacted out of environmental concern. In exchange, the state got a no-drilling buffer along the rest of its beaches.
Florida may turn out to be a prelude for other coastal states. If oil or natural gas deposits are found in the newly opened region, experts say it could further the push to explore once-protected areas everywhere.
It also could be a rallying point for critics, who say the new exploration isn't a license for expansion.
With gasoline topping $4 a gallon, recent polls show Americans, Floridians included, are more supportive of drilling in protected areas. Some politicians -- including Gov. Charlie Crist -- have switched sides.
"We think the public is way out ahead of the politicians on these issues. People are more open to [offshore drilling] now," said Tom Moskitis, spokesman for the American Gas Assn., a trade group.
At the same time, oil companies, driven by record energy prices, are more willing to risk $100 million or more to begin exploring new regions. The Interior Department estimates that there could be 18 billion barrels of oil and 77 trillion cubic feet of natural gas beneath the 574 million acres of federal coastal waters that are now off-limits.
Drilling activity off the Florida Panhandle has started and sputtered for decades. Some companies had leases to drill in the area before the 1981 moratorium. They were grandfathered in when the moratorium was passed because they were already actively exploring in their lease areas. They continued their activity off and on into the early 1990s.
In March, four companies -- Australia-based BHP Billiton Petroleum Deepwater Inc., Houston-based Anadarko E&P Co., Shell Offshore Inc. and Italian oil and natural gas company Eni -- purchased leases on 36 Gulf of Mexico tracts under the 2006 compromise.
