CAIRO — Enter the lounge in the Nile Hospital, take a seat on a ripped leather couch, brush away the cigarette smoke and listen to a litany of complaints on the cruel economics of healthcare from doctors whose salaries are as low as $63 a month and who live with their parents.
The travails of doctors mirror the larger shortcomings of a government struggling to provide medical care in a country where about 45% of the population lives in poverty. Physicians across the nation complain of long hours, shrinking respect for their profession, lack of medicine and broken equipment. One gynecologist said his public hospital is so broke that he buys his own rubber gloves rather than wearing ones that have been washed for reuse.
"You get 10 extra pounds [about $1.80] if you work a 24-hour shift," said Mohammed Farahat, an orthopedic specialist. "But to buy your dinner during that shift costs you 15 pounds. So you're thinking, what good does it do?"
Egypt's doctors have been protesting for weeks and have set a March deadline for a nationwide strike. Their battle is the latest ripple of labor unrest that in recent months has sparked demonstrations by textile workers, university professors, pharmacists, train conductors and real estate tax collectors. High inflation, flat wages and anger at the government of President Hosni Mubarak are increasingly agitating both the educated and working classes in a moderate Arab state that is one of America's closest Middle East allies.
The Doctors Union is demanding an immediate minimum monthly salary of 1,000 pounds or about $180 for the 93,000 physicians working directly for the state. No salary at the Nile Hospital in northwest Cairo exceeds that, including the pay for surgeons, Farahat said.
The starting monthly pay for doctors can be as low as $23. The Egyptian Health Ministry said that it would gradually increase pay based on performance, but that its budget, like those of many government agencies, is too strapped to meet the union's demands.
"We sympathize with doctors," said Abdel Rahman Shahin, a ministry spokesman. "The state should finance [higher pay], but the state has a lot of obligations." He added that with phased-in performance bonuses "at least there is some change doctors will feel" by the end of the year.
Many doctors view the proposal as a paltry attempt to correct years of low salaries that are now quickly eaten up by a surge in inflation that has increased prices as much as 50% for food and other commodities over the last two years. The crisis has also reminded doctors that despite years of education and training, their average salaries are slightly higher than that of government accountants, who earn about $35 a month, and less than many university professors.
"Life is very difficult, but people expect you, as a doctor, to have a car, spend generously and leave huge tips," said Ahmed Sobhi, an internist at Nile Hospital who earns less than $65 a month. "The reality is my small salary. My wife and I and our new daughter live in an apartment owned by my father. We never go to the movies. Our only entertainment is to watch TV."
That description fits thousands of Egyptian doctors, many of whom vent their anxiety on a blog sponsored by Doctors Without Rights, a lobbying group founded in 2007.
A post filed by Dr. Ali Said reads: "An inspector from the municipality has passed by our hospital today. All he cared to check was whether we had trees or not. You tell inspectors, 'There is a shortage in equipment.' They tell you, 'There is no money for this nonsense.' . . . Have you ever heard of anything like this in any other part of the world?"
The physicians' stature and sense of professional entitlement have been tested by a state healthcare system burdened by bureaucracy and debt. Most doctors moonlight by rotating shifts at different hospitals and private clinics. This accumulates into strings of sleepless nights but can earn doctors an extra $90 a month. Many leave Egypt for richer Persian Gulf oil countries, where hospital salaries are many times higher.
"This is causing a brain drain," said Farahat, who sat puffy-eyed in scrubs and a lab coat. "I have doctor friends who have moved abroad and I'm thinking of going to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait or the United Arab Emirates. The problem is that in 10 to 15 years, if all the doctors leave, there will be no one left to teach a younger generation of Egyptian physicians."
It is a sensitive time for doctors to be contemplating a strike. Mubarak and his ruling National Democratic Party are under pressure from labor groups demanding better wages and from opposition organizations, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, pushing for political reforms. Calls for change have highlighted the widening anger the poor have for an upper class they regard as corrupt and aloof to the nation's problems.
