WASHINGTON — Cordell Hull was a veteran lawmaker with a worldwide reputation when Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him secretary of State in 1933, in part to win needed support from Hull's army of Democratic admirers.
But the dignified Tennessean was never close to FDR. As time passed, he was "muscled out by others in the administration," said Michael Hunt, a diplomatic historian at the University of North Carolina.
Barack Obama's election as president has drawn other comparisons with Roosevelt's, especially for the economic crisis he inherits. But the example of Hull, a marginal figure despite the fact that he served into the 1940s and later won the Nobel Peace Prize, may point to potential pitfalls for Hillary Rodham Clinton if she takes the top diplomatic post, as seems increasingly likely.
Clinton would come to the role with global star power, a first-name relationship with world leaders, and a long familiarity with foreign policy.
But her relationship with the president and the new administration -- so key to success in the job -- is coarsely mixed. And her future ambitions could affect her pursuit of the administration's goals.
"I can imagine lots of room for friction," Hunt said, adding that strains between presidents and their top diplomats have been "a leitmotif of U.S. history."
The presence of her husband, former President Clinton, raises a range of additional questions.
From all outward appearances, Sen. Clinton and Obama have made peace. Yet they were rivals in the most protracted presidential primary in history, and that battle is certain to tint her arrival in the administration and on the world scene.
Throughout a long career, Clinton has been known for her diligence and grasp of details. Like the president-elect, she is thorough and methodical.
She met world leaders on a ceremonial level as first lady, but also knows many from her last five years as a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee who dealt with Iraq and Afghanistan. International leaders are aware that she is one of the most influential politicians in the United States.
"She'll bring stature and seriousness to a job that needs a real heavyweight," said former Ambassador Nancy Soderberg, who held a series of top-ranking foreign policy positions in the Clinton administration.
Top foreign policy experts of both parties, including former Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger, have praised her skills. In her campaign, Clinton was supported by a large team of experienced foreign policy experts, many of whom she could bring to the State Department.
But world leaders who are impressed by her high profile also may wonder whether she speaks for Obama, said one former Clinton foreign policy official who spoke on condition of anonymity when assessing her aptitude for the diplomatic post.
The leaders may look at her and wonder: "If she's a person with her own trajectory, how loyal can she be?" the official said. "Any smart foreign leader is going to wonder how close she is to the president."
The most successful secretaries of State have been those who, like James A. Baker III and Kissinger, clearly were very close to their presidents, experts said.
Clinton says she has traveled to more than 80 nations, including Bosnia, Kosovo and Northern Ireland. During her primary campaign, she argued that she was "tested and ready" for a dangerous world.
However, Obama's supporters questioned her foreign policy credentials. Gregory Craig, an Obama supporter and longtime acquaintance of the Clintons, said during the primary campaign that Clinton "did not manage any part of the national security bureaucracy, nor did she have her own national security staff."
Any political strains could have both domestic and international ramifications. At home, Clinton must deal with any political animosities between her team of foreign policy advisors and Obama's. As well, Craig has been appointed White House counsel and could influence foreign policy issues.
In matters of state, it is the duty of the secretary, like other aides, to step forward and take responsibility for any failure of the administration, so the president is not blamed. If Clinton cherishes her own ambitions, she may be reluctant to do so.
And even if she's willing to subjugate her own interests, will her husband do the same? Bill Clinton may be tempted to call a journalist, as he sometimes has done in the past, to put out a story line that makes his wife look good.
The former president has been working with Obama's team on a deal under which he would seek clearance from the new administration before making any speech that could affect U.S. foreign policy. But controlling those speeches may be hard; the former president has joked about the fact that he usually makes up a large part of his speeches as he goes along.
The former Clinton foreign policy official said that although Obama has said he would relish having a team of political rivals in his Cabinet, as Abraham Lincoln did, Hillary Clinton may be different.
