Panic and anger can be a movie tonic

Great Hollywood movies and total economic collapse have a long and symbiotic history. They go way back. They stick together. They're thought of, often, in the same breath. This is partly because when the stock market crash of 1929 didn't bring the movie business down with it (though it almost did), it eventually ushered in the golden age of the screwball comedy. This gave rise to the idea that movies audiences of the 1930s wanted nothing more, when things were at their worst, than to escape into a world of glamour and sophistication.

Although it's true that someone looking only at the prodigious and popular output of MGM in the 1930s might deduce that life in America between 1930 and 1939 was a paradise of cocktails, country houses and marabou, screwball comedies didn't come into existence until about five years after the crash. And not every studio made it its business to refract bubbles and light, either. Warner Bros.' films during the Depression featured gangsters, working-class schmucks, fallen women and downbeat endings. "I Am a Fugitive From a Chain Gang," for example, played and ended on an exceptionally hopeless note.

Universal's monster movies of the time -- "Dracula," "Frankenstein," "The Mummy" and "The Bride of Frankenstein" -- were so successful that even MGM tried its hand at one. (Hence Tod Browning's profoundly upsetting "Freaks," a movie about a beautiful, evil trapeze artist who conspires to marry and kill a circus midget for his money and is eventually descended upon by the other sideshow freaks, claiming her as one of them.) Even the Marx Brothers comedies have been interpreted by critics as embodying a kind of go-for-broke nihilism that could have come out of only a deep sense of collective despair.

The films of the 1930s were just as notable, in other words, for reflecting the panic, anger, disillusionment and despair brought on by the financial collapse as they were for providing an escape. And this pendulum swing from boom-time films to hard-times films is something we saw again in the '70s, and again in the early '90s, and again today-- despite widespread interest in the talking-Chihuahua movie.