Reporting from Oslo — The sandy-haired young man runs his finger over an orange wristband with the word "Utoya," a leftover ID bracelet from the Labor Party youth camp where 68 people, mostly teenage activists, were gunned down last week.
"I can't take it off," Vegard Groslie Wennesland says softly, seated at a cafe in central Oslo where broken glass was still being cleared from the separate car bombing that terrorism suspect Anders Behring Breivik also admits to committing.
Tragedy is transforming the lives of young Norwegians — and in many cases, such as that of the 27-year-old Workers' Youth League member, strengthening their resolve.
A week ago, Wennesland's biggest worry was completing a University of Oslo master's thesis on Palestinian refugees in Lebanon and then, perhaps, taking a jaunt around the Middle East to practice his Arabic.
Now, after seeing friends shot point-blank in the head and hiding under a cabin bunk until the massacre was over, Wennesland has put his graduation plans on hold and spends his days consoling traumatized members of the youth league. He's vice chairman of the Oslo chapter; the chairman is among the presumed dead.
Norway's deadliest peace-time attack has traumatized the nation, but is taking a particular toll on the young, the primary targets and disproportionate victims of the attacks. Photo spreads of the dead being published in newspapers unintentionally evoke the look of high-school yearbooks — bright smiles, often accompanied by pimpled faces or spiked hairdos.
In the short-term, the violence appears to have motivated many young Norwegians. Youth parties, both liberal and conservative, are reporting membership surges. Even the Progress Party, which Breivik joined as a youth and later quit in frustration, reported that 30 new members have signed up since Friday.
The interest marks an abrupt shift — in recent years political participation and voter turnout had waned among the young. Now many are expecting record voter turnout during the next nationwide youth election in September.
In Norway, student elections occur on high school and college campuses as they do in the U.S. But here, they are partisan contests in which the nation's leading political parties compete for the youth vote. The polls are seen as an important breeding ground — as are political summer camps such as the one on Utoya — for the nation's future political leaders.
Beyond the firsthand horror experienced by the nearly 700 youths at the camp — unprecedented political violence in a nation where crime-related gun deaths are rare — the massacre may shape the views of an entire generation, influencing politics, priorities and fears for decades to come.
"It's something that will impact their world assumptions, their view of life, their feeling that the world is basically safe and that human beings are good," said Tine Jensen, a child psychologist at the Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies. "They will never forget."
Jensen points to the massive vigils, memorials and stories of ordinary heroes risking their lives to save others as positive lessons, strengthening the national unity of young Norwegians, who have responded with solidarity and defiance.
"You can't change the event, but you can try to counteract it in the aftermath," Jensen said. "When we see how Norway has responded, with flowers and people helping each other, it may actually end up enhancing the sense of cohesiveness and humanity."
Jensen, whose center is drawing upon the experiences of the Sept. 11 attacks and on decades of gun violence in Los Angeles, said the trauma for Norway is particularly intense. That's because young people here have so little direct experience with violence and because Breivik reportedly told police he intentionally targeted the left-leaning youth retreat, believing he could decimate the future leadership of the liberal Labor Party he despised.
Breivik, who police say has admitted to committing both attacks but has pleaded not guilty, made clear in his pre-rampage writings that he had Norway's youth in his sights. His 1,500-page manifesto claimed the first phase of an anti-Islamic revolution would be the formation of "cultural conservative patriotic youth movements," which would serve as the "backbone" of a right-wing resistance movement.
Wennesland said he's committed to ensuring that Breivik's intentions to crush the Labor Party are not fulfilled.
"Then he wins, and no one in Norway wants him to win," he said. "Those of us left are going to be stronger. We will be tighter. The shared experience will tone down the differences that we've had inside the Labor Party for a considerable amount of time. So yes, this will affect us to a great extent, and I think it will mostly be positive."
In an ultimate act of defiance, Wennesland vowed the youth group will return to Utoya next year for its annual retreat.
"The values and ideals that were attacked Friday will prevail," he said.
