A delegate from the Arab League observer mission speaks with freed prisoners… (Youssef Badawi, European…)
Reporting from Damascus, Syria — As the clock ran out on the Arab League's observer mission in Syria, members found themselves largely confined to their hotels while the 22-member regional bloc fended off accusations of failure and wrestled with the problem of what to do next.
The one-month mission was intended to determine whether the Syrian government was keeping its pledge to end its crackdown against a 10-month-old uprising. But from the start, there were widespread doubts about whether it had the resources and independence to do the job.
The question as the deadline expired Thursday was whether an expanded but still limited mission was better than no mission at all.
With no sign of a letup in the bloodshed, Arab foreign ministers meeting in Cairo on Sunday must decide whether to keep going. The mission can be extended for a month with the agreement of the Syrian government.
Opposition activists, human rights groups and at least one former monitor charge that it only provided a cover for more killings, and are urging the Arab League to refer the matter to the United Nations Security Council. It's far from certain, however, that that would be any more effective.
"Without the correct tools, without the correct authority … we can't do the job," said one observer, who, like others interviewed, asked not to be identified because the league has instructed monitors not to speak to the media. "Which is sad because people are dying on both sides every day."
The head of the mission, Sudanese Lt. Gen. Mohammed Ahmed Dabi, is expected to recommend an extension, provided that changes are made to bolster the mission. But Syrian officials note pointedly that there is no provision in their Dec. 19 agreement with the Arab League for an expansion of the mandate.
Among the options under discussion to bolster the mission is the deployment of Arab troops to provide security for the monitors instead of relying on Syrian forces, observers said. They would also like greater authority to intervene when they see abuses and want full access to detainees, including at military sites that are currently off-limits.
About 400 people were killed in the 10 days after the first observers arrived last month, according to U.N. estimates. The toll continued to rise Thursday with as many as 26 people reported killed by security forces around the country, according to the opposition Local Coordination Committees.
This week, the emir of Qatar, which orchestrated Syria's suspension from the Arab League and the imposition of sanctions, called for the deployment of Arab forces to "stop the killing."
The Syrian National Council, the country's most prominent exiled opposition bloc, is urging the league to seek U.N. Security Council backing for the establishment of a "safe zone" to protect civilians and military defectors who have turned their guns against the government. But if the league does not agree, the group plans to take its proposal to the Security Council directly, spokesman Ausama Monajed said.
Defectors fighting under the banner of the Free Syrian Army are going a step further, calling for the deployment of a U.N. peacekeeping force with the authority to intervene to protect civilians.
Syria has rejected the proposals as attacks on its sovereignty. It says it is committed to implementing the league-negotiated peace plan and blames continued violence on foreign-backed armed gangs aiming to sow sectarian strife.
Any effort for a greater U.N. role is likely to run into opposition from Russia and China.
Russia is a longtime ally of Syria, and it has accused the West of turning a blind eye to attacks committed by opposition militants. It has vowed to use its veto power to block any action that could lead to military intervention.
"If some intend to use force at all cost ... we can hardly prevent that from happening," Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told reporters in Moscow on Wednesday. "But let them do it at their own initiative on their own conscience. They won't get any authorization from the U.N. Security Council."
China, another ally of Damascus, says security has improved since the monitors arrived, suggesting the mission has been effective.
Arab League officials reported this month that Syria's government had taken some steps toward fulfilling its obligations since the monitors arrived, including pulling tanks out of a number of residential areas and releasing thousands of prisoners. International journalists have also been admitted in recent weeks for stays of up to 10 days.
But members of the observer mission say they feel hamstrung and do not have the tools they need to operate in sometimes dangerous conditions. The league's vehicles have been attacked by protesters on both sides of the conflict and gunfire periodically erupts in their presence.
The clock started ticking on the mission the day Syria signed the agreement with the league, leaving little time to recruit personnel or prepare for the effort.
